Reflexivity: Crossing That Line Essay -- Ethnography Anthropology Essa

Reflexivity: Crossing That Line Traditionally, ethnographic works had always been about objective studies of the â€Å"other.† The discipline attempts to use non-biased methods to research of our subjects to qualify anthropology into the category of science. However, an increasing number of anthropologists begin to question the existence of objectivity in fieldwork. More recently, some anthropologists advocate the incorporation of the self, or the use of reflexivity, in the research to acknowledge our biases; at the same time, enhance the quality of our ethnographies. Others further assert that reflexivity is the only way to complete ethnographies. These propositions prompted concerns and provoked intense criticisms among scholars from different areas of study. One argument maintains that while moderate use of reflexivity is necessary in ethnographic research as exemplified by Dorinne Kondo and Renato Rosaldo, it is problematic when it is taken too far as did Ruth Behar. Before use of reflexivity can be analyzed, it is important to discuss what reflexivity is. As its use is controversial, to define the term is complex task. One way to describe it is to characterize it as a piece of work involving the self and some sort of reflection. Another mean to understand the concept is to imagine a mirror; and reflexivity is a description of the images reflected in the mirror, which includes â€Å"others† as well as the â€Å"self.† Interestingly, even though we have yet to define the idea, many uses and styles of reflexivity exist. Or perhaps, the difficulty to produce a working definition stems from its wide range of uses. For example, Kamala Visweswaran uses reflexivity to evaluate the discipline in which she belongs – namely feminis... ...r, anthropology is not a coherent discipline and should be divided to accomendate these difference styles of writing ethnography. Nonetheless, all these questions and confusions points out one thing, that subjectivity is inevitable. Otherwise, we would agree on all these issues. But, it is these issues that cause trouble that make the discipline attractive, exciting, and worthwhile. Reference: [1] Behar, Ruth. 1996. Anthropology that breaks your heart. In The Vulnerable Observer: Antrhopology that Breaks Your Heart, pp. 161 –177. Boston: Beacon Press. [2] Kondo, Dorinne K. 1986. Dissolution and reconstitution of self: implications for anthropological epistemology. In cultural Anthropology 1(1): 74-88. [3] Rosaldo, Renato. 1993. Grief and a headhunter’s rage. IN Culture and Ttruth: TheRremaking of Social Analysis, pp. 161- 177. Boston: Beacon Press.

Psych Assignment

As an international student at JIM from Kuwait, I get a lot of follow-up questions and surprised looks when asked where I'm from. Over time, I have received a wide-range of questions but I am almost always asked about my experience Of living in an Arab country. This past weekend, someone jokingly asked me if my dad owned oil mines and camels in Kuwait, which got me thinking, is this because of the various stereotypes associated with the Arab community in America? Since ASSAI is an Indian association, it is obvious that membership is limited to those who are Indian.However, a distinct feature of the association is that many Indians on amp's believe that ASSAI is a separate clique, and you can only be a part of it if you have friends in the association already. A unique type of grouping is at play here; just being Indian is not sufficient to be a part of an Indian cultural organization. Some social psychology concepts that are applicable to this phenomenon include self-censorship, whic h is the tendency to withhold information or opinions in-group discussions.Evaluation apprehension, defined as people's concern about how they might appear in the eyes of others or, in other words, about being evaluated can be applied here as well. Identification is the perceived loss of individuality and personal responsibility that can occur when someone participates as part of a group. It can have both positive as well as negative effects, for instance, cause a person to be more likely to donate a large amount of money to charity, but also cause them to be more likely to engage in mob violence. Group cohesiveness is the strength of the liking and commitment group members have toward each other and to the group.The social psychology concept of stereotypes; generalizations about groups of people in which certain traits re assigned to virtually all members of the groups, regardless of actual variation among the members, is illustrated in the second phenomenon. In fact, a report titl ed â€Å"100 Years of Anti-Arab and Anti-Muslim stereotyping† specifies the three B syndrome' (Bombers, belly dancers or billionaires) in the Arab community, in reference to Arab men being portrayed as terrorists or as wealthy oilmen and Arab women being portrayed as sex objects.Racism, defined as an individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race, is a feature of this phenomenon. Stereotype threat, which means being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group, is a social psychological concept applied here too. Victims of stereotyping can suffer from attribution ambiguity, not knowing whether performance feedback is genuine or based on their group membership.One of my friends on board of ASSAI told me about how their board meetings worked: everyone seemed to agree to whatever the President had to say and this was very strange to her, since ideally they should discuss issues from every pos sible point view, rather Han a skewed, one-dimensional view in which people withhold their opinions. This sounded a lot like self-censorship to me. Evaluation apprehension is also relevant since choosing to be a part of it, or not, is almost completely based on how others will view you- whether you want to be a part of the ‘clique' of people that is ASSAI, or not.Most social organizations have many traits that make them conducive to identification. In the case of ASSAI, identification may not seem as extreme as fraternities or sororities in which members wear clothing marked with their â€Å"letters†, but strong drive towards group cohesiveness does exist. In fact, many Indians on campus actually believe that ASSAI is a ‘cult', a group of people that is always seen together, no matter what. Following the September 1 1, 2001 attacks in the United States, discrimination and reclaimed violence has markedly increased against Arab Americans.This is also reflected in co mmon stereotypes that Arabs are ‘barbaric, oil-rich sheikhs' or more extreme ones believing that all Arabs are terrorists/villains. In light of these, some Arabs suffer from stereotype threat, and hence they might hide their wealth or tatty because they are afraid of affirming a stereotype that exists about their group – that all Arabs are rich and Arab women are beautiful, and beauty is all they care about.Such actions might make them feel ashamed of something they should actually be proud of. Attribution ambiguity can lead Arabs to feel uncertainty about whether negative outcomes are due to discrimination against them or their own behavior. In comparison, they might discredit positive feedback as a form of sympathy rather than seeing it as the result of their ability and achievement.

Trends And Current Problems In Aviation Cockpit Voice...

Problem statement One of the most scrutinized pieces of evidence gathered from an aircraft accident is the collection of information contained in the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Flight Data Recorder. CVRs and FDRs paint an often haunting, but frequently useful picture of what occurred during the last minutes of an accident flight. This is not to say, however, that the recorders are always conclusive, or even useful. There are a handful of cases where the CVR and FDR tapes have broken, failed to record, stopped recording early, or not captured enough information to be useful to the investigation. Advancements in these devices are not new to the industry; however, the pace is slow to incorporate new technology into current fleets.†¦show more content†¦There is no disputing the fact that black boxes are essential components of civil aircraft today; their job is critical to the investigation of an accident, however, safety experts would argue that the basic capabilities of these devices are no lon ger sufficient. Specifications The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a regulatory body, which sets standards for international aviation. ICAO is broken into 18 annexes, and, comparable to international law, they are the very basic requirements that the organization’s 185 member states must follow. Annex 6 to ICAO deals with the operation of aircraft and states that CVRs should be capable of retaining the information recorded during the last 30 minutes of the device’s operation. In addition, ICAO has recommended that CVRs installed in aircraft over 5,700kg with a certificate of airworthiness issued after January 1, 1990 be capable of retaining information recorded during the previous two hours of operation. ICAO suggests that flight recorders be â€Å"constructed, located and installed so as to provide maximum practical protection for the recording in order that the recording information may be preserved, recovered and transcribed. Flight recorders shall meet the prescribed crashwor thiness and fire protection specifications† (Frostell 20). The FAA has met the recommendations of ICAO and set the following standards for CVRs and FDRs:Show MoreRelatedTrends and Current Problems in Aviation: Cockpit Voice and Flight Dat2885 Words   |  12 PagesProblem statement One of the most scrutinized pieces of evidence gathered from an aircraft accident is the collection of information contained in the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Flight Data Recorder. CVRs and FDRs paint an often haunting, but frequently useful picture of what occurred during the last minutes of an accident flight. This is not to say, however, that the recorders are always conclusive, or even useful. There are a handful of cases where the CVR and FDR tapes have broken, failed to

Understanding a Mystery in Different Types of Writing

A mystery purveys the element of shock and awe. We explore hidden paths or explore the unknown until we discover the truth. A mystery is usually presented in the form of a novel or a short story, but it could also be a non-fiction book that explores uncertain or illusory facts. Murders in the Rue Morgue Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) is usually recognized as the father of the modern mystery. Murder and suspense are evident in fiction before Poe, but it was with Poes works that we see the emphasis on using clues to get to the facts. Poes Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) and The Purloined Letter are among his famous detective stories. Benito Cereno Herman Melville first serially published Benito Cereno in 1855, and then republished it with five other works in The Piazza Tales the next year. The mystery in Melvilles tale starts with the appearance of a ship in sad repair. Captain Delano boards the ship to offer assistance--only to find mysterious circumstances, which he cant explain. He fears for his life: am I to be murdered here at the ends of the earth, on board a haunted pirate ship by a horrible Spaniard?--Too nonsensical to think of! For his tale, Melville borrowed heavily from an account of the Tryal, where slaves overpowered their Spanish masters and tried to force the captain to return them to Africa. The Woman in White With The Woman in White (1860), Wilkie Collins adds the element of sensationalism to the mystery. The discovery by Collins of a young and very beautiful young woman dressed in flowing white robes that shone in the moonlight inspired this story. In the novel, Walter Hartright encounters a woman in white. The novel involves crime, poison, and kidnapping. A famous quote from the book is: This is a story of what a womans patience can endure, and what a mans resolution can achieve. Sherlock Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) wrote his first story at the age of six, and published his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, in 1887. Here, we learn how Sherlock Holmes lives, and what has brought him together with Dr. Watson. In his development of the Sherlock Holmes, Doyle was influenced by Melvilles Benito Cereno and by Edgar Allan Poe. The novels and short stories about Sherlock Holmes became enormously popular, and the stories were collected into five books. Through these stories, Doyles depiction of Sherlock Holmes is amazingly consistent: the brilliant detective encounters a mystery, which he must solve. By 1920, Doyle was the most highly paid writer in the world. The successes of these early mysteries helped to make mysteries a popular genre for writers. Other great works include G.K. Chestertons The Innocence of Father Brown (1911), Dashiell Hammetts The Maltese Falcon (1930), and  Agatha Christies Murder on the Orient Express (1934). To learn more about the classic mysteries, read a few of the mysteries of Doyle, Poe, Collins, Chesterton, Christie, Hammett, and the like. Youll learn about the drama, the intrigue, along with the sensational crimes, kidnappings, passions, curiosities, mistaken identities, and puzzles. Its all there on the written page. All of the mysteries are designed to baffle until you discover the hidden truth. And, you may come to understand what really happened!

The Scare Of Lack Of Security - 1045 Words

â€Å"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that† -Martin Luther King Jr. As the July attacks in Nice, France start to dissolve from the headlines the effects still weigh heavily on Paris, and the other countries around the world. They will forever be remembered and France will continue to pay for the attacks economically. The Nice attacks effect’s France economically due to the scare of lack of security which causes decrease of tourism. On July 14th, 2016, Bastille Day in France scores of people were celebrating all day and then were concluding the day to watch fireworks. Thousands of people were lined out along the promenade, a very long road and one of the main roads in†¦show more content†¦A few travelers that were present on Bastille day said that there were â€Å"no police or security measures in place to protect them especially all along the beach.† (Laure Teresi, Washington Post) Although countless people have complained of the lack of security officials are responding that they â€Å"have reached the maximum we could reach in terms of security measures†¦ security now is now more a qualitative problem then a quantitative problem.† (Bolstering, Washington post) The threat of security is not only everyone safety but also the decrease of people traveling to other countries because of the threat of their lives. The most visited country in the world, France, has been through many terrorist attacks with its most recent being in Nice. It is becoming speculated that France will start to see more decrease in tourism, which could lead to major economic failure. Tourism is one of the biggest incomes in France, they make over 200 million a year through tourists. â€Å"With tourism accounting for 78% of the eurozone’s No. 2 economy last week’s truck attack on the French Riviera deals a new blow to an industry that had yet to recover fully from the bloody assaults in Paris in January and November last year, which were also claimed by Islamic State† (Reuters) Tourism in France was down 20% before the attacks in Nice and now it is speculated that it will come down another 10-20%. The visitors in FranceShow MoreRelatedMcCarthyism: Weeding out Communist Threats or Saving Capitalism1431 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat potential as a revisionist look at the impacts of McCarthy’s red scare on the politics in the United States ended with a rudimentary analysis of the repercussions of a fabricated fear of communism. The article â€Å"McCarthyism: Political Repression and the Fear of Communism† denied overarching themes of the time period and focused on narrow attempts to place economic sanctions, infractions of civil rights, and national security as the reasons and outcomes of the fear of communism. While these themesRead MoreFiscal and Monetary Policy 946 Words   |  4 Pagesreason for this policy is to first ra ise the budget deficit. For consumption and spending not to drop the fed can choose to increase the money supply to keep it high. The common tools for expansionary monetary policy are the open market purchase of securities and lowering of the FED landing rate. Because of increased availability of money the aggregate supply will not keep up with rise in demand hence leading to inflation. The negative relation between unemployment and change in GDP as well as explanationRead MoreTreating Information Privacy Flaws Of The Federal Trade Commission Act Essay874 Words   |  4 PagesScholars are divided on the fundamental question of the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) adjudicative capacity under the FTC Act. The FTC uses a reasonableness standard and considers each company’s data security practices on a case-by-case basis. For more than a decade, the FTC’s enforcement of data security actions invoked under  §5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC Act) resulted in consent decrees and settlements, subsequently scrutinized by practitioners as carrying as much precedential valueRead MoreSarah Ratchford s Article, She Makes A Very Bold Statement844 Words   |  4 Pagescourts have just sanctioned men to say whatever they want to women†. Essentially, she fails to convince its more educated readers and those who have more of a knowledgeable idea on the matter. 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I think we should not take them in because the U.S is already struggling to take care of itself, so how will adding Ten Thousand plus refugees to the U.S benefit us? They won’t be able to provide or benefit the U.S, but will only scare and cause worry fear in American people. Out of fifty states, thirty one state Governors said they will not be accepting Syrian refugees into their states. States that will be not letting Syrian refugees in are, Alabama to Georgia, to Texas andRead MoreShocking the Audience with the Article, Autism Is a Serious Public Health Crisis854 Words   |  3 PagesThe article â€Å"Autism Is a Serious Public Health Crisis† is presented in manner intended to generate a shock reaction in its selective audience. It does this by using scare tactics and repetitious trigger words such as lies, epidemic and crisis. 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Planning Vacation Free Essays

Krista Curtis Professor: Shelley St. Ange-Sheldon Essay: Problem Solving April 7th, 2013 Vacation time â€Å"A penny saved is a penny earned. † â€Å"A job worth doing is worth doing right. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning Vacation or any similar topic only for you Order Now † We apply both of these sayings to the working world all of the time. Why not apply them to our vacationing world as well? Like most people, I look forward to a vacation, but planning it can become overwhelming if you’re not prepared. Planning a vacation should be fun and exciting. Vacationing is not always a priority to many families due to economic distress, but as little as a few hundred dollars you can plan a weekend getaway that’s inexpensive but a lot of fun! Figuring out what you’re interested in is a major factor in your planning. Not everyone is into car shows, bike rallies or the typical Disney vacation. Don’t overlook major cities. Metropolitan areas like Jamestown, Norfolk, and Washington, D. C. offer families a variety of cultural and historical events that are child-friendly as well as interesting for adults. Look for destinations with sights, sounds, and adventures that match with your kids’ interests like sports, theatre, art, history or architecture and choose a place that offers something for each one of your family member. First I would like to mention which states we would like to visit as a family, secondly I will discuss my finances and other requirements that best suit my family, and finally I would like discuss which state that I feel best meets those requirements. How to cite Planning Vacation, Papers

Night Essay Paper Example For Students

Night Essay Paper ?Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into onelong night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Nevershall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smokebeneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire tolive. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned mydreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as GodHimself. Never.? -Elie WieselThe Holocaust-the mass murder of European Jews by the Nazis during World War II. Itwas the unthinkable, the horrific murder of 6 million Jews and millions of civilians of differentethnic and racial backgrouds. It was average men entering the German army and turned intoNazis, cold-blooded killers. It was the connotation of Holocaust which became Night, by ElieWiesel. This paints a picture, full of vivid imagery and truth, about the genocide of his ownpeople. Elie witnesses the starvation, brutal beating, and eventual death of his friends, family,and fellow Jews. Wiesel, himself, survived Auschwitz, Buna, Buchenwald, and Gleiwitz, allGerman concentration camps, where atrocities such as cremation and murder hung thickly in theair like a heavy cologne. Born September 30, 1928, Eliezer Wiesel led a life representative of many Jewishchildren. Growing up in a small village in Romania, his world revolved around family, religiousstudy, community, and God. Yet his family, community, and his innocent faith were destroyedupon the deportation of his village in 1944. One of the main topics in this book is how Elie, a boy of strong religious faith, along withmany of his fellow jews, lose their faith in God due to the horrific effects of the concentrationcamps. Elie Wiesel lived his early childhood in the town of Transylvania, in Hungary, during theearly 1940s. At a young age, Elie took a strong interest in Jewish religion, while he spent mostof his time studying the Talmud. Eventually he makes aquaintances with Moshe the Beadle whotakes Elie under his wing, and also instructs him more in depth of the ways of the Talmud andcabbala. Elie is taught to question God for answers through Moshes instruction. Moshe is sent away to a concentration camp, and upon his return, Elie finds that he haschanged dramatically. This is a foreshadowing of what will become of Elies faith in the strengthand power of God. ?Moshe had changed.. .He no longer talked to me of God or the cabbala, butonly of what he had seen.?(4) The first evidence of Elies loss of faith, is while he questions God during the selectionprocess. This process is concerned with separating the young, strong, and healthy Jews, from theold, weak, sickly, and/or infants. The Jews were separated from their loved ones who wereimmediately sent to the crematory or burned in large fire pits. Elie says goodbye to his motherand sister, unknowing that it will be the last time that he will ever see them again. Many of hisfellow Jews began to pray and recite the Kaddish, a Jewish prayer for the dead, with hopes toconsole their own grievances for the loss they had suffered. However, Elie questions, ?Whyshould I bless His name? The Eternal, Lord of the Universe, the All-Powerful and Terrible, wassilent. .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd , .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .postImageUrl , .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd , .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd:hover , .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd:visited , .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd:active { border:0!important; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd:active , .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80ac27e8dbddf2fa3e7ddc6d39bed2fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Flower Decoration Essay What had I to thank Him for(31) Elie witnesses a load of children being dumped into apit of flames which he labels as the ?Angel of Death,? and at this point, the diminishing effectsof the first night of camp life are already taking a toll on Elies religious faith and personalself-worth. The final deterioration of Elies idea of God, where he renounces all belief in Hisexistence, is during the funeral of 3 Jewish males who were hanged the day before. One ofwhom was a child, so mere in weight, whom struggled amidst the others for over an hour beforedeath came to take him. Here the reader can sense the collosal loss that Elie is overcome by,having spen t the majority of his childhood seeking salvation only to come to realize it was all awaste of time. During this time of losing faith in religion and overcoming the tasks put forth by theconcentration camps, Elie finds strength of survival through his relationship with his father andthrough hope. Although earlier in Elies childhood, prayer and religion had separated the two,the experience at the concentration camps was the ultimate connection between Elie and hisfather, for they believed that together they could overcome everything because they were family. A good example is when Elies father is beaten for not properly marching in rank. Elie takestime in the blocks to teach him to properly march in place. He could not leave his father to fendfor himself, although he was criticized by many of the other Jews who believed in ?every manfor themself.? Some kinships are not like Elies and his fathers. One son purposely loses his father sothat he does not burden him, and another son beats and kills his own father just for food. Fatherand son relationships can be seen in many parts in Night and takes a very large roll in the novel. An example is when Elie begins to grow weary of life in the concentration camp, because at thatpoint he had become the strength of two lives, his own and his fathers. He feels less and lessremorse for his father and begins to believe that the beatings his father receives for not beingable to peform the various tasks put forth by the S.S. Officers are a product of his own fault fornot being strong enough nor young enough. He begins to despise his father for weighing himdown and having to take care of him, and at one point when he is in search of his father thinks,?Dont let me find him! If only I could get rid of this dead weight, so that I could use all mystrength to struggle for my own survival, and only worry about myself.? (101) Elie had becomehardened by his new way of life, and realized that only the fittest would emerge from thisexperience still alive and well. It was truly a survival of the fittest. However, he is overcomewith guilt after a blow to the head by an officer finally ceases his fathers existence.